As the Project Engineer of Odisha’s Water Supply and Sewerage Board, Suryabarti Majhi held with her the key to effective implementation of the state’s FSSM vision.

Odisha’s success in FSSM has been achieved not only due to the political will, leadership, and vision of senior administrators, but also because of on-ground implementation by committed and efficient government officials. Ms. Suryabarti is a shining example, having been instrumental in the planning, site selection, construction, commissioning, and testing of the 110 operational Faecal Sludge Treatment Plants (FSTPs) out of 120 FSTPs in Odisha.

In an otherwise male-dominated field and with the FSSM programme being a new initiative in Odisha, Suryabarti has proved her mettle in its execution with her rigorous follow-up mechanism with executive agencies, frequent visit to the sites, providing handholding and technical support to municipal engineers and contractors, and playing a vital role in the Construction Process Management of the engineers in the department. She did all this while demonstrating concern for people and environmental factors. She came up with an action plan to conduct interface meetings and exposure visits for the community, PRIs, and other stakeholders to create a paradigm change towards the construction of FSTPs.

During the surge COVID period, Suryabarti provided handholding and technical support to agencies visiting the ULBs to understand the new FSSM projects. The execution period was six months. Not only did she design PPE kits and other COVID-safe supplies, but she also conducted online, hybrid, and offline skill training for SHGs, municipal engineers, technical resources persons, and elected representatives of all ULBs.

The 120 FSTPs are expected to cater to a total capacity of 2087 KLD to treat an estimated septage generation of 1425 KLD. This would help to take care of 16.9% of the waste of Odisha’s entire urban population. Suryabarti has facilitated and coordinated the visits of national and state officials, UN agencies, and other international organizations who come to study the uniqueness of the FSSM model.

Suryabarti has demonstrated utmost commitment and ownership toward the cause. She sets an example for other women working as government functionaries in ULBs. She exhibits passion, high-energy, and enthusiasm, inspiring other engineers towards the effective implementation of FSSM.

Suryabarti has also played a key role in training the 700 women and transgender SHG members managing the FSTPs. Her presence at the operational plants guiding the SHGs has enthused several SHG members. She truly embodies the vision of the State for safely managed sanitation embracing inclusivity, gender equity, and community engagement.

As a woman Sarpanch of Sujanpur Gram Panchayat, Bishnupriya Mahakud (age 47) set an inspiring example of achieving an ODF+ status with continuous efforts towards making the Gram Panchayat clean and green.

Bishnupriya has made tireless efforts to sensitize all households towards swacchhata and dignified living. She undertook a range of activities to bring about behavioural change, including IEC activities on sanitation and waste management though village meetings, interpersonal communication, door-to-door visits, rallies, cleanliness drives, wall writings, and poster and banners. She has been supported in her efforts by women SHGs, youth, and other villagers. She utilized MGNREGA, 15th FC, and SBM-G funds for the effective implementation of sanitation activities.

Additionally, Bishnupriya created a revenue model for the women SHGs through door-to-door collection of the user fee of Rs. 10 per household. The incentive is Rs. 5,000 per month paid to the SHG members for waste collection from every 250 households.

She has played a vital role in the district’s collaboration with UNICEF and UNDP to ensure WASH and solid waste management awareness in schools and anganwadis. Bishnupriya has been instrumental in bringing the programme to the district.

Bishnupriya is the first woman leader of the village and has ensured an ODF+ status for each village in the district. Her continuous community mobilization and efficient coordination with various departments and stakeholders has led to various accolades for the Jajpur district. It secured the 4th rank at Swachh Survekshan Grameen 2022 at the national level.

Neha Sharma is an enigmatic force in the vast landscape of public service in India. An IAS Officer from the batch of 2010, she currently serves as the Mission Director, Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban and the Director of Urban Local Bodies & Municipal Administration in the Government of Uttar Pradesh.

During her 12 years in public service, Neha has served as the District Magistrate in various districts of UP, these diverse experiences have shaped her understanding of the challenges faced by different regions. While working as the Additional CO at Noida Authority, she delved into intricacies of urban sanitation and municipal issues. Her determination and commitment to improving the living conditions of the people led her to her current posting in Uttar Pradesh.

Neha's educational background played a significant role in shaping her aspirations. She spent her formative years in Scindia Boarding School in Gwalior, where she developed a strong academic foundation. After completing her schooling, she pursued her higher studies at Delhi University, specializing in Gender and Space.

Her motivation to join public service stemmed from her childhood dream, which was nurtured by her father's constant encouragement to explore civil services. Although she lacked immediate examples or mentors, Neha found inspiration in observing a woman District Collector in her hometown. Witnessing her dedication and impact left a lasting impression on Neha's young mind, setting the tone for her future endeavors.

Neha's deep-rooted passion for academia, combined with her desire to implement change systematically, fueled her drive to address societal issues. She envisioned leveraging her position to initiate initiatives aligned with her research interests and promote gender equality.

During her tenure, Neha faced multiple challenges, ranging from law and order to development-related issues. Her unwavering focus, however, has remained on women-centric concerns. In Ferozabad, she spearheaded work under the Beti Bachao scheme, emphasizing the importance of empowering and protecting girls.

Neha's dedication to women-led sanitation came naturally to her, and she strived to make a lasting impact. One of the initiatives closest to her heart involved the removal of 3000+ garbage vulnerable points across urban local bodies in UP within 75 hours, through community-led sanitation efforts, which involved the active participation of women, NGOs, and CSOs, and support from Safai Mitras. Round-the-clock monitoring ensured the success of this initiative. Furthermore, Neha worked to introduce innovative assets such as "Neki ki Deewar" (a wall for donations), selfie points, and vending zones, at those points. Neha envisions a cleaner India as her long-term goal, driven ahead by a true people’s movement.

Rajpati Bais, the Executive Officer of Chunar, hails from an agrarian background. His late father worked as a farmer, while his mother dedicated herself to homemaking. With two younger brothers, Rajpati draws inspiration from his agricultural roots, attributing his strong work ethic and collaborative skills to his upbringing.

To broaden his career prospects beyond public service, Rajpati pursued a bachelor's degree in education. Growing up in the village milieu, he witnessed firsthand the social and economic hardships faced by the community. Motivated by the suffering he observed, Rajpati nurtured a desire to hold a public position and actively contribute to problem-solving and alleviating people's difficulties. His inclination to work among the people remained constant throughout.

Rajpati places great value on Swachhta (cleanliness) and has taken proactive measures to raise awareness among Chunar's residents regarding waste segregation and the importance of regular door-to-door collection of solid waste. The citizens enthusiastically participate in these initiatives to ensure proper waste segregation and collection.

His work in Chunar has been pivotal in establishing a comprehensive approach to proper Faecal Sludge and Septage Management (FSSM), considering both the demand and supply sides. With support from Jal Nigam and technical assistance from the Centre for Science and Environment, Nagar Palika Parishad, Chunar successfully established a 10 KLD capacity Faecal Sludge Treatment Plant (FSTP). The formation of a Swachhta Dal, comprising educators, media persons, lawyers, and health experts, facilitates cross-sectoral collaboration to educate the public about the importance of emptying their septic tanks every three years. This ensures safe transportation and treatment of the waste at the FSTP.Rajpati's goal is to make periodic desludging every three years a routine process, minimizing the financial burden on households, particularly the economically disadvantaged.

Given Chunar's proximity to the river Ganga, protecting its water from pollution is crucial. Rajpati recognizes the significance of the FSTP and regulated desludging in achieving the mission of a Clean Ganga. He also recounts his efforts in a campaign on the river bank, raising awareness and sensitizing people about the importance of preserving the cleanliness of the Ganga.

Rajpati envisions Chunar as a pivotal city that will lead the way in ensuring safe and sustainable sanitation practices, shaping a better future for its residents and serving as an example for others to follow.

In the bustling city of Satara, the Chief Officer of the Municipal Council, Mr. Abhijeet Bapat, has been at the forefront of a remarkable journey. His vision for Satara transcends traditional sanitation efforts and has transformed the city into a shining example of sustainable waste management, while fostering community involvement and empowerment.

Satara, known as the capital of the Marathas, has a rich historical background and a thriving population of one lakh eighty thousand. The sanitation journey in Satara began with a vision: to provide cost-effective human waste treatment solutions that balance technology with nature. Their sanitation odyssey commenced when Satara was declared an Open Defecation Free City in 2014, coinciding with the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan launch. However, Mr. Bapat and his team aimed for much more. They focused on natural treatments, particularly composting, to make human waste management both sustainable and affordable. This approach relieved the city council of undue financial pressure.

The provision of individual toilets under various government initiatives and the Swachh Bharat Project significantly improved sanitation and hygiene. Over a thousand families availed themselves of personal toilet schemes, enhancing the city's Open Defecation Free status. The process wasn't without hurdles. Challenges of space and finances were confronted head-on. Yet, Satara overcame these challenges with innovative approaches, such as community-built toilets. The city's dedicated team provided technical assistance and made sure funds were available to people, enabling them to build their toilets with ease.

Satara's commitment to sustainability led to a pivotal decision - the adoption of a Single Window Approach. This strategy streamlined the implementation process by integrating technical and administrative sanctions, ensuring swift execution of Feacal Sludge Treatment Plant (FSTP) projects. Critical components such as technical sanctions, administrative approvals, and access to funds from initiatives like the 14th Finance Commission were harmonized, expediting project implementation. The city council capitalized on this strategy and harnessed government funding efficiently, leading to the creation of infrastructural marvels like the pivotal 30 kiloliters per day Feacal Sludge Treatment Plant (FSTP), powered by solar energy. Satara's FSTP initiative didn't just offer waste treatment; it provided stable incomes to waste collectors while involving citizens in the process. The FSTP generated income through the sale of fertilizer, contributing to the city's economy. This project became a beacon of progress, courtesy of collaborations with educational institutions and philanthropic organizations.

Looking ahead, Satara continues to expand its sanitation infrastructure. Plans for a 5.5 million liters (about twice the volume of an Olympic-size swimming pool) per day Sewage Treatment Plant and other initiatives are in progress. As the city grows, it will be better equipped to treat its waste and preserve the environment.

Satara's journey showcased the power of community involvement, and the single-window approach for approvals and funding streamlined the entire process. The city’s transformation serves as an inspiring example of how vision and strategic leadership in synergy with the community’s support can be a game-changer in the realm of human waste management and a beacon of inspiration for municipalities striving for sustainable, efficient solutions in sanitation.

Abhijit Bangar assumed the role of Executive Officer of Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC) with a clear vision in mind: to transform the city's sanitation landscape. Traditionally, sanitation efforts had centered on solid waste management alone, and rightfully so, but Bangar envisioned a comprehensive approach that extended beyond solid waste because that is not the only waste that cities have to deal with.

Under Bangar's leadership, Navi Mumbai achieved the remarkable feat of ranking 3rd in Swachh Survekshan 2020. The transformation was driven by innovative strategies, focusing on beautifying the city, ramping up Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) activities, and fostering robust citizen engagement.

Bangar managed to mobilize citizens to the extent that the IEC activities were enabled by enthusiastic citizen participation and included street plays, performances by Swachh Ambassadors, flash mobs, social media campaigns, and cleanliness drives. Bangar is sure to highlight the important role the community plays when saying “The city of Navi Mumbai has always been at the forefront of cleanliness, and citizens' participation has played a major role in this.” The #NischayKelaNumberPahila campaign ("we have decided to be No.1") further rallied citizens, inspiring active participation.

To bolster engagement, innovative initiatives like Swachh Radio and QR-based Toilet Feedback systems were introduced. Automation technology and apps streamlined operations, reducing fraud and accelerating digital transformation. RFID/GPS-based Garbage Vehicle and Bin Tracking System and Septic Tank Level Sensors enhanced waste management efficiency and safety. Bangar recognizes the synergy between technology and behavioral change in sanitation. While technology modernized waste management, he stressed that behavioral change was the linchpin for sustainable sanitation.

Abhijit Bangar's visionary leadership not only elevated Navi Mumbai's sanitation standards but also fostered citizen engagement, laying the foundation for a resilient and sustainable city. Bangar’s efforts spanned far beyond sanitization and focused on beautification projects in the city. These projects, spanning traffic signals, crossroads, water bodies, bridges, and underpasses, adorned public spaces with art installations and LED traffic lights, elevating aesthetics across all 111 city wards. With Bangar’s relentless efforts, NMMC's initiatives reinforced citizen's trust in the government.

Abhishikth, a computer science graduate from SRM University in Andhra Pradesh, was inspired by his parents, both public servants, to pursue a career in the government sector. His desire to make a meaningful impact on society led him to become an IAS officer. With a solution-oriented attitude, Abhishikth undertook visionary steps to ensure sustainable operation of sanitation services.

In September 2019, Abhishikth assumed the role of Municipal Commissioner in Rajamahendravaram Municipal Corporation (RMC), a well-organized city in Andhra Pradesh. Rajahmundry had made significant progress in recent years, climbing from a ranking above 100 in 2018 to securing the 51st rank in 2020. In 2021, it achieved Open Defecation Free (ODF++) certification. His predecessors had laid a strong foundation for the city's development in areas like solid waste management, liquid waste management, and worker safety. Abhishikth wanted to make sure that he built on this foundation, so he identified areas that needed improvement: optimal resource utilization, mechanization of sanitation work, and a scientific approach to waste disposal. He set out to address these issues with the goal of propelling the city into the top 10 Swachh Survekshan rankings.

In 2020-21, Abhishikth spearheaded numerous Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) campaigns, building trust between the corporation and the citizens. Young ward secretaries for environment and sanitation played a pivotal role in this unique communication approach, supporting an individualized connection with the citizens.

One remarkable IEC campaign focused on scheduled desludging of septic tanks. Each property received a sticker indicating the last cleaning date and the next scheduled cleaning date. This simple but efficient initiative raised awareness about desludging and even increased its adoption.

Abhishikth also introduced a centralized septic tank cleaning service, ensuring that proper procedures were followed, and the service was offered at reasonable prices, regardless of the size of the septic tank. A tariff was established, and GPS was installed in desludging trucks for real-time monitoring. This holistic approach of bringing together IEC for better awareness, standardization of service costs for better business costs and establishing key monitoring measures, all came together to make Rajahmundry a pioneer in sanitation. This model, well-received by citizens and operators, has inspired other municipal corporations to replicate it.

Abhishikth’s unique mindset of going beyond the city to involve rural areas resulted in the city's co-treatment facility became available to 10 surrounding villages at no cost, furthering the state's vision of rural-urban integration.

The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the significance of sanitation, leading RMC to introduce initiatives that promoted safe and hygienic practices. PPE kits were provided to sanitation workers, and awareness campaigns emphasized the importance of their usage.

Abhishikth's commitment to ensuring worker safety was evident through specialized PPE kits and institutionalized practices. The municipality actively participated in the Safai Mitra Suraksha challenge, organizing awareness campaigns, rallies, and capacity-building programs for sanitation workers.

Looking ahead, RMC aims to safely manage all waste generated, with a focus on leveraging institutional structures for sustainable sanitation service delivery. Abhishikth's dedication embodies a vision to make Andhra Pradesh a role model in sanitation. His journey is a testament to the transformative impact one individual can have on their community and beyond. With rigour, he enabled capacity where it lacked and introduced solutions towards better practices independent of any urgent requirements.

Born in the Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh, Valluri Kranthi's childhood dream of becoming an IAS officer became a reality in 2016 after graduating from IIT Delhi with a degree in Mechanical Engineering. As the Municipal Commissioner of Karimnagar, she steered the city's sanitation initiatives, driving transformative changes in the way the city managed its sanitation services.

Karimnagar, a city in Telangana, faced sanitation challenges until 2007 when plans for a comprehensive sewerage system began taking shape under the Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small & Medium Towns scheme. Kranthi's leadership ushered in a well-structured septage management mechanism, optimizing the capabilities of a Sewage Treatment Plant for co-treatment of faecal sludge.

Under her guidance, a City Level Sanitation Plan (CSP) was formulated in 2016, leading to a series of impactful initiatives. These included training of private septic tank cleaning operators and linking them to the ULBs, promoting responsible disposal practices. Additionally, a vibrant awareness campaign was launched to spread awareness about toilet usage and desludging, and operation and maintenance improvements, and an Auto Development Control Regulation process for toilet building approval were instituted, bolstering sanitation infrastructure.

Additionally, Kranthi's team established a 24x7 helpline and WhatsApp service for citizens to register complaints and request desludging services, ensuring swift redressal and feedback mechanisms. With a dedicated budget and comprehensive programs for marginalized communities, Karimnagar is positioned to achieve city-wide inclusive sanitation.

During the pandemic, Kranthi's focus on safeguarding sanitation workers was instrumental. She ensured that all 1300 workers were equipped with PPE kits and raincoats, backed by health check-ups and special financial incentives as a token of appreciation for their dedication. Championed by Kranthi's vision and leadership in executing ground-level measures, Karimnagar has taken big strides in city-wide inclusive sanitation.

Embarking on a journey to revolutionize sanitation practices in Chunar Nagar Palika Parishad, Ms. Prathibha Singh, the Executive Officer, stands as a resilient leader breaking barriers and championing the cause of equitable sanitation. Her narrative unfolds as a beacon of inspiration, driven by a deep commitment to transforming Chunar's waste management and mainstreaming Faecal Sludge Management (FSM).

Ms. Prathibha has been associated with the Uttar Pradesh Government since 2007, navigating challenges around access to clean water and sanitation facilities, especially for women. She is committed to working towards achieving a sustainable and efficient sanitation value chain. Leading by example, she shattered gender norms, actively participating in decision-making, capacity building, and educating students on sanitation.

In 2019, a groundbreaking partnership with the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) paved the way for enhanced FSM in Chunar. The Technical Support Unit (TSU) established under this collaboration aimed to fortify Chunar's sanitation infrastructure. Prathibha's team steadily progressed in effectively identifying and managing fault-lines in the sanitation value chain before the pandemic hit.

When the pandemic struck in 2020, Prathibha's demonstrated a forward-thinking approach in leadership. Recognizing the potential panic among sanitation workers due to the lack of information, she collaborated with CSE to provide technical support in training and spreading awareness amongst workers. The support also involved supplying over 120 PPE kits to sanitation workers in that time.

Despite the hurdle posed by the pandemic, Ms. Prathibha remained optimistic and proactive. She saw reduced waste from hotels and industries as an opportunity to design better strategies for waste management. Even with a constrained budget, she collaborated with CSE to create communication materials on FSM, ensuring continued awareness.

Looking ahead, Prathibha aspires for Chunar to achieve ODF++ and Water+ milestones. The Malasur campaign will drive FSM awareness, with a focus on leveraging new technologies for occupational safety and health. Undoubtedly, she sees students as change-makers, envisioning a ripple effect as they carry the message to their families and communities, fostering a transformative impact on society. Prathibha’s inspiring journey in the sanitation sector serves as a testament to her resilience, vision, and commitment to creating a positive change in Chunar.

In the bustling city of Sinnar, where centuries of history have woven a rich cultural tapestry, there is a transformation underway - a transformation driven by the tenacity of women who have come together to change their lives and the future of their beloved city.

Nestled in the heart of Maharashtra, Sinnar is a city where people of diverse backgrounds and faiths have lived in harmony for generations. However, like many urban areas in India, Sinnar had its share of challenges. One such challenge was open defecation, which had persisted for years. In 2017, everything changed when the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan was launched, setting in motion a wave of transformation for the city of Sinnar. This nationwide cleanliness campaign aimed to eradicate open defecation and promote sanitation, turning the vision of a cleaner and healthier India into a reality.

Anil Ganpati Jadhav, City Mission Manager of the National Livelihood Mission in Sinnar, is at the helm of an initiative aimed at eradicating poverty in urban areas, primarily through women's empowerment, social integration, and institutional building. Within Sinnar, the Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana scheme has been at the forefront of this anti-poverty campaign. Under the aegis of the National Urban Livelihood Mission, the city of Sinnar placed self-help groups at the center of its focus. These groups empowered women to create change, offering training, and support to help them uplift their lives and those of their families. Women learned about financial literacy and digitalization, giving them newfound confidence and skills. These initiatives, as he emphasizes, are instrumental in empowering women and uplifting the urban poor from poverty's clutches.

Women who had previously limited employment opportunities found themselves at the forefront of change. The municipal council recognized the potential in these self-help groups and started offering them work in various projects related to sanitation. This, in turn, improved their economic standing and contributed to the financial stability of their families. The transformation in Sinnar was not just limited to personal empowerment. The Swachh Bharat Abhiyan aimed at making the city open defecation-free, and the women of Sinnar's self-help groups played a pivotal role in this achievement. They were at the forefront of creating awareness and helping families build individual toilets. The municipal council provided financial assistance to construct these toilets, changing the way people viewed sanitation in the city.

Sinnar's remarkable journey didn't end there. Over time, these septic tanks were often filled to capacity in these toilets. The women conducted a survey to collect information about septic tanks in households. The municipal council thereafter initiated a sewage management project, led by the women's self-help groups, to process the sewage stored in the toilets. The sewage was collected and brought to the project site. This wastewater was then purified and used for nurturing plants and gardens, minimizing environmental impact and enhancing the city's green spaces. The impact of these initiatives extended beyond sanitation. The newfound financial stability allowed women to contribute to their families' livelihoods. They could afford education for their children and manage daily household expenses. Women no longer had to depend solely on their husbands or other family members for financial support.

The story of Sinnar, he shares, is a testament to the resilience and determination of women, the power of government initiatives, and the spirit of a community working together for a cleaner, greener, and more prosperous future. Sinnar serves as an inspiration, showcasing the positive change that can be achieved when communities unite to overcome challenges and transform their cities. The success of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan resulted in the city being declared open defecation free.

Tirupathi's journey in the sanitation sector is a testament to how intentional leadership which prioritizes the wellbeing of communities can directly build a safer environment for citizens. In the heart of Tiruchirappalli, the fourth largest corporation in Tamil Nadu, Tirupathi stepped up and played the pivotal role of being a changemaker in the city. Under his leadership, Trichy saw an aspirational growth in the field of urban sanitation.

During his stint as the Sanitation Inspector, Tiruchirappalli City Corporation, he had only one priority and that was the wellbeing of the citizens of this city. For that, he stood prepared to undertake any necessary measures, be it advancing infrastructure or safeguarding the most vulnerable sanitation workers, all in the pursuit of securing the welfare of Trichy's citizens and ensuring inclusive access to sanitation services throughout the city. When COVID-19 struck, Tirupathi's intentions were challenged even more but he ensured that he persevered through these tough times and shone even brighter. Under his guidance, the Tiruchirappalli City Corporation took swift and decisive action. On one hand they ensured that all essential public spaces were sanitized regularly including streets, bus station, complexes etc. On the other hand, they also ensured that all sanitation professionals who were responsible for these cleaning services were undergoing mandatory health screenings daily, ensuring their safety. He also ensured that sanitation workers had access to PPE kits that would keep them safe and he organized training sessions for them to be aware of COVID-19 precautions.

During a period when individuals were preoccupied with their personal health concerns, Tirupathi remained resolute in ensuring the well-being of the city's service providers. Recognizing the vital role they played, he personally engaged with all sanitation workers to convey strong administrative support, emphasizing that their safety was of the utmost importance to the city's overall functioning. He ensured that all departments in the city came together to combat the pandemic, from the public health department to the police department and so on.

As Tirupathi reflects on the journey, he emphasizes the potential for more private stakeholder support and volunteer involvement during the pandemic. Looking ahead, the Tiruchirappalli City Corporation aspires to incorporate innovative technologies for waste collection and safe disposal, marking another milestone in their mission for a cleaner and safer environment.

Tirupathi's story underscores the transformative power of leadership in the sanitation sector, and his unwavering commitment to community well-being continues to drive the city towards even greater accomplishments.

In the heart of Chhattisgarh beats the story of Dr. Ayyaj Tamboli, an IAS officer with a stethoscope, weaving transformative change across tribal lands. His journey from medicine to administration reveals a tapestry of initiatives spanning healthcare, sanitation, waste management, and environmental conservation. But behind each policy, each intervention, lies his thoughtfulness to seek solutions and put into motion actions that can solve for systemic challenges that communities have faced for years.

A young doctor turned IAS officer, Ayyaj's motivation stemmed from both personal inspiration and a profound desire to serve beyond the confines of a clinic. Motivated by a senior who ventured into civil services, Dr. Ayyaj treads a path that traverses the regions of Bastar and Bijapur, both of which are areas of Naxal dominance. His journey is driven by the resolve to cater not just to a small section of society, but to the larger community at large. Dr. Ayyaj believes in the ethos of 'Kung Fu Panda' - believing in destiny and finding peace in impactful actions.

Dr. Ayyaj Tamboli's innovative approach lies in his fusion of medical expertise with administrative prowess. His pioneering work integrates healthcare and urban development, creating a unique bridge between the two domains. From mobile medical units reaching slum dwellers to the introduction of discounted generic medicines, his initiatives merge healthcare accessibility with urban planning. Additionally, Dr. Tamboli has also extended his focus and work towards environmental preservation, knowing its impact on public health. Within this stream of work, he delved into urban lake policies, focusing on revitalizing water bodies, and steering the state towards being 'Water Plus' which required towns to treat its wastewater successfully. He also pioneered initiatives like bioswales, urban lake policies, and water body regeneration. Ayyaj understood that progress was not just about implementing policies but also fostering community engagement and sustainability.

In the realm of urban sanitation, his focus on lake rejuvenation in Raipur stood out as a pivotal and transformative initiative. His strategy was multifaceted, commencing with the formulation of an Urban Lake Policy. This policy aimed to establish technical guidelines for managing and restoring urban lakes, fostering an interconnected network of water bodies within cities. Owing to this, over 800 acres of new lakes emerged - a tangible achievement in reclaiming valuable water resources. He also orchestrated strategic measures to revive existing water bodies. Implementation of stop dams along urban streams regulated flow and reduced oxygen biological demand. He also spearheaded extensive plantation along these waterways, combating pollution and enhancing ecological equilibrium.

The impact cascaded beyond visual improvements. Groundwater recharge, a critical concern in urban areas facing water stress, experienced a significant boost in Raipur due to these rejuvenation efforts. Techniques such as pond deepening and diversion of pollutants fortified water security, paving the way for sustainable urban water management. Tamboli's approach was steeped in an understanding of the cultural essence of lakes in Chhattisgarh showing the need for local leaders who can take into account local contexts before applying solutions. These water bodies weren't just scenic; they were integral to local life - serving as bathing spots, sources of cattle drinking water, and even supplying potable water. This cultural link fortified the urgency of their restoration. This holistic vision reshaped urban sanitation by integrating cultural significance, environmental preservation, and practical sustainability. Another issue under sanitation was that of open defecation which he tackled through a holistic approach of implementation of individual household latrines and community toilets, coupled with ensuring adequate water availability, recognizing that infrastructure without essential resources like water wouldn't yield desired results.

Another standout initiative spearheaded by Dr. Tamboli is the emphasis on cow dung manure, converting it into compost and making it economically viable for farmers, aligning with the idea of making villages and Nagar Panchayats 'gobar-dhan' enabled. This strategy was driven by the principle of circular economy and ensuring communities are utilizing the waste they generate. He, thus, turned cow dung into a revenue source, making streets dung-free and promoting organic composting. His approach to waste management was innovative, introducing a self-help group-based model for collection, segregation, composting, and selling of non-compostable waste. Cities like Ambikapur became role models in this decentralized waste management, fostering community involvement and employment generation.

Overall, Ayyaj Tamboli's journey in urban sanitation and development reflected a commitment to creating sustainable change, integrating healthcare, waste management, and environmental conservation for the betterment of communities in Chhattisgarh. Most of the solutions he spearheaded can be implemented across geographies if his peers were inspired by his efforts. His story is more than a recollection of achievements - it's a beacon of possibility within public service, a journey intertwined with the lives he touches, the problems he embraces, and the solutions he dares to create.

In 2019, Mr. Subhankar Mohanty assumed the role of the Deputy Commissioner of Sambalpur Municipal Corporation in Odisha. He came into this role with great zeal and enthusiasm, eager to gain a deeper understanding of its challenges and implement impactful and innovative solutions. Since then, Mr. Mohanty has not only been able to bring in efficient governance, he has also ensured that the most vulnerable of his city’s service providers are prioritized. Before Subhankar’s appointment, the Corporation faced multiple administrative changes, placing significant responsibility on his shoulders. When he came in, he saw that sanitation emerged as a priority for the Sambalpur Municipal Corporation, presenting unique challenges in service quality and worker safety. As the Nodal Officer for sanitation, he took charge of the Corporation's daily operations, overseeing sanitation activities, grievance management, tax collection, and COVID-related duties. This helped him understand the local challenges in the sector better which helped him bring in effective solutions.

With a citizen-first approach, he introduced a monitoring mechanism allowing citizens to message their grievances to the Municipal Corporation via WhatsApp, revolutionizing accessibility for the citizens and ensuring that governance bodies have better visibility of the problem areas. Harnessing the power of social media, he addressed citizens' concerns promptly, showcasing his commitment to efficient governance.

As the next step, Subhankar also took proactive measures to ensure sanitation worker safety during the pandemic. He organized regular training sessions on occupational hazards for the workers and provided safety kits to sanitation workers. Collaborating with Self-Help Groups (SHGs), he initiated awareness campaigns on waste management, emphasizing community involvement and leading by example.

"Sanitation and cleanliness are among the humblest of civic virtues, and it is easy to underestimate their significance," emphasized Mr. Mohanty, recognizing the fundamental role of sanitation in community well-being.

Looking ahead, Subhankar envisions continuing his service to Sambalpur, tackling sanitation challenges with innovative ideas. His approach, rooted in citizen participation, sets a precedent for other cities to follow.

In the heart of Satara, within Maharashtra's vibrant tapestry, an unassuming yet impactful revolution took root - a story anchored in sanitation's unsung champion: the toilet. Sagar Badekar, a Health Inspector, embarked on a journey that transcended waste management, weaving together access to toilets and communal health into a symphony of progress.

Sagar's journey unfolds against Satara's evolving landscape, mirroring its growth, challenges, and the pressing issue of waste management. His passion for communal welfare sprang from firsthand experiences as a sanitation worker. Progressing from this role to Health Officer and later to Health Inspector, driven by higher education and commitment, Sagar saw how complex challenges in the city of Satara proved to be a hindrance to delivering important services to its citizens. It was during this time that his conviction about toilets being the cornerstone of sanitation service delivery to the most vulnerable grew stronger. 

The burgeoning population in Satara, growing from a modest city to one bustling with over two and a half lakhs of residents, resulted in a parallel surge in waste generation. This surge stressed the city's waste management and health systems, spotlighting the mounting waste crisis accompanying rapid urbanization. 

The Satara City Municipal Council, securing CSR funding, established a Sewage Processing Center at the Songaon Garbage Depot. Employing modern technology, this facility operates a faecal sludge desludging unit, facilitating comprehensive sewage management across diverse city zones. One such zone encompasses slum areas, constrained by financial barriers that limit access to essential services like desludging. Here, the Municipal Council initiated a pilot program offering free sewage pumping every three years. This alleviates financial burdens on residents, aiming for equitable health service distribution. Sanitrack, an app for daily data recording, is used to monitor this pilot zone, storing sewage data accessible via a dashboard. 

Another key initiative involves converting sewage into fertilizer, delighting local villagers. Previously contaminating water sources and impacting both livestock and people's health, sewage now sees utilization thanks to innovative projects by the Satara Nagar Parishad. Furthermore, the Council's initiatives, including expanding sewage processing projects and introducing innovative mechanisms like the dewatering unit, reflect a proactive approach to manage sewage effectively amidst projected population growth. 

Sagar's narrative unveiled strides taken by the Satara Municipal Council in erecting sewage processing plants and promoting toilet construction. Government subsidies of Rs. 12,000/- coupled with an additional Rs. 5,000/- from the Council enable households to construct Individual Household Latrines (IHL), under the Swachh Survekshan Mission, combating open defecation and preserving dignity and health. 

Sagar also mentions that Satara's waste management was not a lonesome one. It flourished through strategic collaborations with all important stakeholders. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) became pivotal in handling waste and educating communities about the importance of sanitation health facilities, bridging educational disparities. Their integration catalyzed community engagement for toilet construction, highlighting SHGs' transformative impact on sanitation, livelihoods, and economic stability. 

"Toilets empower communities," stresses Sagar, highlighting the broader impact beyond infrastructure. As Satara steers towards better waste management, Sagar envisions a future where waste is managed, cities thrive, and every citizen's right to health and sanitation is honored.

Kolhapur, situated in Maharashtra, India, is known for its rich cultural heritage and historical significance. The region is characterized by a mix of urban and rural areas, with a vibrant community that values its cultural roots while embracing modernity. The city has seen rapid urbanization and faces challenges typical of growing urban centers with a fast-growing population, including infrastructure development, waste management, and sanitation facilities. 

Dr. Vijay Patil, the Chief Health Inspector at Kolhapur Municipal Corporation, stands at the forefront of a sanitation revolution, placing household toilets at the center of his initiatives. His journey within the Health Department has helped him recognize and reflect on the transformative power of toilets. Throughout his tenure, he has observed a significant shift in sanitation practices and the challenges that exist around them. Initially, the focus was on building public toilets to solve the problem of access to sanitation services. However, considering inherent risks around spread of diseases continued to persist, owing to issues of overcrowding and a lack of individual maintenance, the discourse shifted towards individual household toilets.

Dr. Patil has been spearheading this paradigm shift from communal sanitation solutions to personalized household toilets, advocating for public health, hygiene, and dignity for all. The challenges of limited urban space and community opposition to building individual toilets led to innovative collaborations with architects and NGOs. Together, they devised space-saving models and unique septic tank designs, enabling construction even in tight city spaces. The strategy was not just about providing toilets; it involved modifying houses, connecting drainage lines, and ensuring that the most marginalized urban poor had access to the best services in cities. The Corporation also adopted a participatory model involving self-help groups and local communities in the design and implementation process to ensure beneficiaries felt a strong sense of ownership towards the solutions being implemented. 

With the aim to promote inclusive sanitation, eliminate economic barriers and enable more families to afford and access proper sanitation, the Kolhapur Municipal Corporation waived drainage connection fees for households constructing personal toilets, emphasizing the corporation's commitment to societal welfare. Another crucial aspect was the introduction of scheduled desludging programs monitored through the Sanitrack app. This technological intervention ensured timely maintenance and waste disposal from septic tanks, reducing dependence on citizens and enhancing the sustainability of the sanitation system. One of the pivotal aspects of the success of these toilets was the involvement of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in program delivery which helped in fostering community participation. These groups not only facilitated financial aid transfer from the government to citizens but also served as motivational pillars, encouraging widespread adoption and accelerating the construction of personal toilets. 

Looking ahead, Dr. Patil envisions a city completely devoid of public toilets, emphasizing the hygiene and sustainability benefits of individual household sanitation units. His vision aims for 100% household coverage with personal toilets, creating a healthier and more dignified community who has access to their own privacy. His efforts have significantly improved public health, with reduced spread of diseases, improved hygiene practices, enhanced public health and the empowerment of women and vulnerable groups.

Dilip Kumar Mohanty, currently serving as the Executive Officer in Jatni Municipality, Khurda district, Odisha, embarked on his government service journey in 1989. His remarkable career spans over three decades, marked by challenging assignments which required him to think innovatively keeping the local context and the communities at the center of all solutions he implemented. One of his most prominent posting being the one in Paradip Municipality, Odisha, where he played a crucial role in transforming the way Paradip managed its waste.

Dilip held the position of the Executive Officer in Paradip from September 2015 to September 2020. During this time, the town was plagued by pollution driven by lack of disposal and treatment systems in place. Paradip had a diverse population which included daily wage earners and migrant workers who did not have access to optimal sanitation and hygiene services. Mohanty identified this challenge as an opportunity to transform Paradip into a cleaner and greener city. He initiated a Door to Door (D2D) garbage collection and segregation program. This program adopted a decentralized approach in collection and segregation allowing communities to have more control over their health and environment. As always with citizen-driven solutions, Dilip faced strong reluctance from the people of Paradip. To combat the same, he engaged the entire municipal workforce to raise awareness and drive behavioral change among the town's residents.

Aiming to carry his learnings into safer sewage handling, Mohanty adopted a decentralized approach to educating citizens, creating a chain system where municipal officials motivated sanitation workers and ward officers, who, in turn, engaged with the local populace. This holistic and multi-stakeholder approach ensured a more effective outreach, which in turn, enabled better impact.

Dilip was also a pioneer in implementing the state’s 'Mo Khata' initiative which addressed solid waste segregation and disposal, pioneering sustainable waste management techniques that significantly reduced the burden on landfills. This project's success extended beyond Paradip, earning recognition from the Chief Minister and attracting Executive Officers and sanitation teams from 113 other Urban Local Bodies for learning.

Dilip is a strong believer and endorser of community involvement and believes that the most effective solutions ensure community driven implementation. With this philosophy at the epicenter, Dilip trusts and recognizes the efficiency embedded in work by self-help groups (SHGs). The 'Mo Khata' project is now managed by women Self-Help Groups (SHGs) under Mission Shakti, with support from the Urban Management Centre (UMC), a member of the NFSSM Alliance. These SHGs, comprised of waste pickers and transgender individuals, operate and maintain the facilities. The project's success has prompted its expansion to other concerned departments, creating outlets that sell organic manure to support the Municipality's finances.

Transferred to Jatni Municipality in September 2020, Mohanty continued his exceptional work. Mohanty's future goals include integrating sanitation development into interconnected drain systems, optimizing Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) operations, establishing smart parks, and creating model water bodies in Jatni.

Kusumlata, a shining example from Choti Bhil Basti, Jodhpur, defied the odds in her community, where women's education was often neglected in favor of traditional household roles. Supported by her parents, she persevered, achieving a post-graduation degree, a rarity among young women in her neighborhood.

Since her early years, Kusumlata's heart beat for community service. Together with her husband, who shared her passion for social work, they reached out to those in need. Through the transformational journey revealing the formidable challenges confronting her community, Kusumlata recognized that, with the right guidance and approach, they could overcome these hurdles. Hence, when the chance came, Kusumlata eagerly joined the Moving India Towards Sanitation for All (MISAAL) Settlement Committee.

MISAAL, an initiative under the Urban Management Centre (UMC), operates in 4 Indian cities, including Sambalpur in Odisha. The program concentrates on mapping, measuring, and monitoring sanitation service delivery and infrastructure to attain and sustain Open Defecation Free (ODF) status. Kusumlata engaged wholeheartedly in the committee's training, awareness campaigns, and orientation sessions. Her educational background and unwavering commitment propelled her to represent her MISAAL Settlement Committee (MSC).

"It is because of everything I learned through the MISAAL Settlement Committee that I have been able to make an impression on the residents, and they have elected me to represent them," Kusumlata affirmed.

As she advocated for her community before the authorities, Kusumlata recognized the potential to drive meaningful change not just in sanitation, but beyond. The forthcoming Municipal elections offered her a chance to seize that opportunity. Encouraged by her husband, she stood for the Ward Councilor elections, earning a unanimous mandate.

Throughout the pandemic, Kusumlata became a beacon of hope, ensuring that services for urban poor settlements in her constituency did not go unnoticed. In her new role, she collaborated with other MSCs in her ward, addressing their concerns and conducting vital awareness sessions, including menstrual hygiene for adolescent girls. Kusumlata's leadership also galvanized the Urban Local Body (ULB) in conducting vaccination drives and spreading awareness about COVID-19 vaccinations. Her journey reflects the extraordinary impact that one individual's unwavering commitment can have on a community's well-being.

S. Amuthavalli, the City Engineer at Trichy City Corporation (TCC), embarked on an inspirational journey within the sanitation sector, where her dedication and expertise became a beacon of hope during the challenging times of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Amuthavalli's background was grounded in engineering, but her heart was committed to ensuring safe and efficient sanitation for her city. Her inspiration came from the understanding that sanitation is not just a service but a fundamental necessity, especially during a global health crisis.

As the pandemic struck, the TCC faced a daunting task of maintaining the sanitation workforce. Recognizing the vulnerability of her staff, Amuthavalli's motivation was unwavering. The TCC, under Amuthavalli's leadership, sprang into action to protect and support the sanitation workforce. When migrant workers faced the shock of the pandemic, the TCC ensured they experienced minimal disruption. Adequate food and supplies were provided until arrangements were made for their safe return to their hometowns, showcasing her compassionate and practical approach.

During the pandemic, Amuthavalli's leadership was instrumental in ensuring safe sanitation. The TCC swiftly identified containment zones, where barricades were erected. Essential provisions such as rations, drinking water, and medical facilities were promptly delivered. Amuthavalli's team exhibited tremendous dedication, often working night shifts to avert panic.

Her focus on innovation and hygiene led to the installation of leg-operated hand washing stations in public spaces and prominent city locations, contributing to the efforts to reduce COVID-19 transmission. Her teams ensured that those returning from abroad received individual attention and that their families were engaged to promote safety measures.

Amuthavalli's leadership extended beyond the immediate crisis. Drawing from the lessons of a COVID-19 hotspot in Chennai's Koyambedu marketplace, she proactively prevented a similar outbreak in Trichy. By relocating vendors to different, less congested locations, she helped curb the virus's spread.

Amuthavalli's journey in the sanitation sector is a testament to the indomitable spirit and impact of inspirational leadership. Her dedication to protecting the sanitation workforce and her innovative measures in the face of adversity exemplify the way forward for cities confronting unprecedented challenges. Her remarkable journey inspires change and serves as a model for others in the sanitation sector.

With an unwavering commitment to inclusive sanitation, Mathi Vathanan has harnessed his team's dedication to transform Odisha's urban development landscape. Mathi has been the Commissioner and Secretary of the Department of Housing & Urban Development, Government of Odisha, since 2014. Under his leadership, Odisha witnessed the launch and effective implementation of various sanitation policies and guidelines.

Mathi Vathanan's vision was deeply rooted in addressing the social stigma and the lack of sufficient compensation for core sanitation work. He spearheaded multiple comprehensive schemes and policies that ensured that services reached the most vulnerable and that the service providers live safe and dignified lives. His passion to bring sustainable change to the lives of sanitation workers became a driving force for relentless effort.

The remarkable 'GARIMA' scheme, initiated in 2020 under Mathi's guidance, played a pivotal role in ensuring efficient sanitation systems and dignified lives for sanitation workers. This groundbreaking scheme provides welfare measures to those who directly handle faecal matter in their line of work, covering areas like community and public toilets, wastewater treatment plants, drain cleaning, and maintenance of confined spaces such as septic tanks and sewer lines. By consulting workers about what their requirements were, Mathi ensures that they were involved in the process as advisors whose insights were taken absolutely seriously. Working closely with the Chief Minister of Odisha, Mathi led the consultative process that brought together stakeholders, sector experts, and community voices to shape the GARIMA scheme, which addressed all concerns raised by the stakeholders, thus enabling dignified livelihoods for sanitation workers.

Mathi’s motivation in conceiving the GARIMA scheme was to address the generational injustice implicated in manual sanitation work and the safety threats that workers faced while handling faecal-matter. There was not only the lack of a comprehensive scheme which addressed safety and dignity, but also the lack of information on the number of workers and the extent of danger they faced. Once they conducted a sincere study, they were able to implement a variety of solutions. Specific PPE kits tailored to various core sanitation roles were identified and recommended for procurement by Urban Local Bodies. To alleviate the challenges faced by workers in handling and cleaning, GARIMA rest sheds were established, providing a safe space to rest, store PPE, and clean equipment. These sheds allowed sanitation workers to separate their work from the rest of their lives by cleaning themselves and storing their uniforms, which helps alter people’s perceptions of sanitation workers as “dirty” or unhygienic and enables dignified working conditions.

Mathi believes that an empathetic and collaborative approach is crucial for the effective implementation of schemes targeted at vulnerable sanitation workers. Convergence, cross-learning, and sensitivity to worker needs are key to introducing worker-friendly policies and practices. The Department initiated Emergency Response Sanitation Units, adopting national advisories tailored to state requirements for better on-ground implementation.

Under Mathi’s leadership, Odisha has won some prestigious international awards for sustainable urban development such as the Global Water Leader Distinction Award 2022 for 24x7 Drink from Tap, World Habitat Award 2019 and 2023 for the JAGA Mission, the Asia Pacific Housing Forum Award 2021 for JAGA Mission, the WRI Ross Prize for Cities for MUKTA in 2021-22, among many others.

Having won multiple trans-national and global awards, Mathi emphasizes the importance of identifying and registering sanitation workers to ensure they access their rights and entitlements. He plans to engage with private contractors, encouraging them to adopt model contracts that foster safe and dignified work environments. By reshaping the occupational landscape, Mathi aims to challenge societal mindsets and ensure sanitation workers lead dignified lives. Through synergy among stakeholders and robust enumeration processes, Mathi is driving transformative change for sanitation workers in Odisha, underpinned by the Garima scheme's ideals of dignity and safety.

To Learn More about the GARIMA Scheme: https://urban.odisha.gov.in/more/GARIMA

Ramakant Dake, Chief Municipal Council of Karad, Maharashtra embarked on a journey that would lead to making Karad one of the cleanest and most sustainable cities in India. Under his guidance, Karad achieved top ranks in the Swachh Survekshan surveys, and it is now recognized as a “Water Plus" city. This transformation reflects a pioneering vision for wastewater management, achieved by Dake’s dedication to community participation and hygiene.

The introduction of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, provided Ramakant and his team the opportunity to make a difference in the lives of citizens. While in charge of Pandharpur in 2014, Ramakant noticed how the river overflowing into the town caused major problems for the community, with many people having to vacate their homes. At the time, there were no toilets either and people would defecate in the open, and with the river overflowing it would create unsanitary and dangerous conditions. Ramakant noticed workers’ suffering in having to clean areas near the riverbed where people littered and openly defecated. He was a part of the Water Plus initiative which focused on bringing meaningful change not just to the city, but to the lives of sanitation workers. Through various campaigns, the initiative has targeted people’s paradigms towards sanitation workers, of seeing them as “dirty” or ignorable. With cleanliness campaigns, citizen’s attitudes towards sanitation workers have been driven towards respect, which is a major observable change.

The Water Plus journey dates to 1966, when P. D. Patil, the Mayor of Karad, envisioned a city with fully processed wastewater and multiple uses for it. This vision led to the creation of the underground drainage system. Simultaneously, an organization called Preethisangam Panisapuri Sanstha was established to supply treated water to farmers. This initiative not only benefited sanitation but also agriculture, reducing the use of fertilizers. Since 1974, Karad has been reusing wastewater 100%.

Community participation was key to Karad's success. Ramakant highlights that it was citizens' involvement that drove the transformation. They understood the benefits of cleanliness for their well-being. Karad's approach of not only collecting but also processing and reusing wastewater inspired and resonated with its people.

Ramakant’s vision is not just about rankings and surveys; it's about sustainable practices. The city is now working towards further reducing costs, increasing solar energy usage, and expanding green buildings. The aim is to involve maximum social groups to manage solid waste, ensuring that the municipality's costs are minimized, and citizens' daily lives are unaffected.

With citizens' transformed mindset and continual campaigns, Ramakant believes the pursuit of sustainability and clean water will be an ongoing success. He recognizes the positive change in society's perception of sanitation workers, who are now held in higher regard.

Ramakant is proud to be part of this journey and envisions even more positive changes for Karad. His vision focuses on reducing expenses, expanding the use of solar energy, and ensuring that the cleanliness initiatives continue to transform not only Karad but India as a whole. Under his leadership, Karad has set a shining example of prioritizing water management, cleanliness, and sustainability for other cities to follow.

Thiru Kesavan's journey in the sanitation sector is a remarkable testament to dedication and leadership, improving the lives of the residents of Karunguzhi, Tamil Nadu.

Kesavan's voyage in sanitation began as the Executive Officer of Karunguzhi Town Panchayat, where he played a pivotal role in implementing the state's first Faecal Sludge Treatment Plant (FSTP) in 2017. The FSTP offered a transformative approach to waste management for the town and neighboring municipalities.

Inspired by the prospect of enhancing the living conditions of his town's residents, Kesavan recognized that safe sanitation practices not only benefit individuals but also contribute to the broader community's well-being. Under his leadership, Karunguzhi achieved significant milestones.

Kesavan persevered through the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. When the lockdown initially disrupted sanitation work, he secured special permissions to continue essential maintenance in the city. The safety of sanitation workers was a top priority, and Kesavan ensured they had the necessary protective equipment.

Navigating the pandemic, Kesavan's team faced the challenges of maintaining social distancing and adhering to safety protocols in public spaces. To keep citizens informed, they created WhatsApp groups and used social media to disseminate health and government resource information. Engaging with the community, they organized contests for children and families, raising awareness about sanitation and public health.

Kesavan's exemplary use of social media not only showcased their efforts but also caught the state government's attention. It led to financial support for the Town Panchayat's sanitation initiatives, further amplifying the impact of their work.

Thiru Kesavan's innovative approach has not only improved the lives of Karunguzhi's residents but also set an example for others to adapt to the local context while implementing solutions.

Mr. Thirumudikari's journey within the sanitation sector is an inspiring testament to his commitment and visionary leadership in improving the lives of Tamil Nadu's urban population.

Thirumudikari's background in urban development instilled in him a deep passion for ensuring that every individual in Tamil Nadu has access to safe sanitation. His inspiration was drawn from the understanding that sanitation is not a privilege but a fundamental right and a cornerstone of public health.

As Joint Director (Scheme) at the Directorate of Town Panchayats, he envisioned safe sanitation services that would cater to all sections of society. Thirumudikari's leadership catalyzed the adoption of non-networked sanitation systems and a cluster approach, fostering equitable service delivery throughout Tamil Nadu. Memorandums of understanding were signed between Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) to ensure last-mile service delivery, demonstrating his commitment to reaching every community.

The COVID-19 pandemic posed unforeseen challenges, and Thirumudikari rose to the occasion as a Special Officer in the Chengalpattu District. He recognized sanitation and Faecal Sludge Management as essential services, and their standard operating procedures were meticulously established to ensure smooth operations.

With the pandemic's outbreak, Thirumudikari launched targeted healthcare and sanitation-driven communication campaigns, emphasizing the importance of citizen engagement and informed decision-making. A behavioral shift towards hygiene practices was observed, making the sanitation sector's mission more attainable.

The welfare of sanitation workers was at the core of Thirumudikari's leadership during the pandemic. Proactive measures were taken, including providing personal protective equipment (PPE), conducting testing, contact tracing, and isolation, and ensuring that frontline sanitation warriors remained safe in their roles. As the lockdown restrictions continued, Thirumudikari's leadership enabled Tamil Nadu's urban sanitation to adapt and thrive amid adversity. It underscored the importance of inter-departmental coordination, case history management, and grassroots monitoring, ultimately reducing infections and bolstering public health.

Going forward, Tamil Nadu's urban sanitation initiatives have embraced Thirumudikari's vision of being more participatory, localized, multi-disciplinary, and user-focused. Sustainable and scalable solutions are paving the way for safer and more equitable urban sanitation delivery across the state.

Thirumudikari's journey embodies the spirit of transformative leadership, emphasizing the vital role of sanitation in public health. His dedication has not only improved the lives of countless individuals but has also set a path for Tamil Nadu to overcome one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century, making safe sanitation a reality for all.

Nell Vasa’s journey in the realm of urban development and sanitation unfolds as a narrative shaped by dedicated interventions and a profound commitment to community engagement. His role as a Senior Environmental Officer within the State Urban Development Department echoes his deep-rooted involvement in transforming sanitation practices in the northeastern state of Nagaland. With his background ranging from land resources to pollution control, he brought a unique perspective to urban development in Nagaland, tackling the challenges of the hilly terrain and limited infrastructure head-on. 

Nell had been a silent force driving transformative change in urban sanitation, particularly focusing on feacal waste management in Nagaland. His journey, from working with the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to leading significant projects within the urban development sphere, showcase his unwavering dedication to improving living conditions in the state. 

His journey commenced with the ADB Assistance Project, targeting urban infrastructure, including water supply, sewerage, sanitation, and solid waste management. In a terrain, where conventional sewer lines were impractical due to narrow roads and challenging landscapes, Vasa introduced innovative solutions. He focused on septic tanks as a primary means of waste management. However, disposing and treating the sludge was a challenge until he pioneered the implementation of the 90 kilolitres per day fecal sludge management plan, employing the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket technology, where wastewater flows upwards through a blanket and is processed by anaerobic microorganisms. This initiative addressed the lack of treatment facilities for the vast number of septic tanks in the state, positively impacting around 20,000 households in Kohima.  

The project also involved constructing community toilet blocks, emphasizing community involvement and ownership. Convincing the community was a task involving extensive discussions, focus group meetings, and highlighting the benefits of the project for both the people and the environment. He was also able to highlight the potential for improved livelihoods through which he finally managed to garner community support. Addressing the challenges of climate and sanitation, Nell adopted a holistic approach, considering factors like rainfall, drought, and flash floods and the region's topography to ensure disaster preparedness was a key focus. This vision aimed to prepare the sanitation infrastructure to withstand the effects of climate change, a critical consideration given Nagaland's diverse geographical features and susceptibility to disasters. 

The impact was significant, with reduced effluent disposal into natural drains, contributing to a cleaner and healthier environment. However, despite the success of the intervention, challenges persisted, especially in sustaining Operations and Maintenance (O&M) post-contractor involvement. Nell’s resolve led him to seek solutions that had worked in other states, including outsourcing O&M contracting to private parties, aiming to resume operations by 2024. Despite the complexities, Vasa emphasized that the core tenet in urban development continues to be community involvement. He believed that building trust and confidence within communities could mitigate challenges, making urban infrastructure more adaptable and resilient.

His journey from land resources to pollution control and then urban development had significantly influenced his approach. His multifaceted experiences allowed him to comprehend the intricate relationship between environmental concerns and urban development projects. 

His story exemplifies the impact that an individual, deeply committed to community involvement and innovative approaches, can have in transforming urban sanitation, especially in regions where traditional methods might not suffice. Through his dedication, Nell Vasa illuminated a path toward sustainable and community-centric urban development in Nagaland.

Sanjay Kedar's journey in the sanitation sector paints an inspiring tale of transformation and progress. Appointed as the Chief Officer of Sinnar Municipal Council in February 2020, he embarked on a mission to tackle the sanitation challenges plaguing the industrial town of Sinnar in Maharashtra.

Sinnar faced multiple sanitation hurdles, making it imperative for the Municipal Council to plan and implement Faecal Sludge and Septage Management (FSSM) services. With support from (Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology) CEPT University’s Center for Water and Sanitation (CWAS), CEPT Research & Development Foundation (CRDF), this collaborative effort aimed to set a model for other towns and cities without external funds.

Sanjay's visionary leadership focused on scheduled desludging as a public service to achieve ODF++ status. Under this program, every property along a defined route received advanced notifications about desludging, ensuring comprehensive coverage. Sinnar was divided into 3 zones, with each zone's septic tanks slated for desludging over a 3-year cycle. This initiative was implemented through a Public Private Partnership (PPP) model, leveraging performance-linked annuity contracts between the desludging company and the local government. To sustain the services, a sanitation tax was imposed to secure adequate funds.

Crucially, Sanjay ensured that FSSM services benefitted all sections of society, including low-income families and slum residents. This inclusive approach aimed to provide scheduled desludging services to everyone.

Moreover, Sinnar's Faecal Sludge Treatment Plant (FSTP) was operated by a private entity. Treated wastewater was ingeniously repurposed for landscaping and maintaining an urban forest. Self-Help Group (SHG) members played an active role in daily maintenance, while the FSTP relied solely on solar energy, making it a self-sufficient and eco-friendly plant.

Sanjay's vision created a blueprint for other cities to follow, showcasing that scheduled desludging is not only possible but immensely beneficial. It underlines that small and medium towns possess the potential to offer FSSM as a regular service and reap its rewards.

In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, Sanjay's leadership took center stage. The safety of sanitation workers was paramount, with the distribution of PPE kits and stringent adherence to health guidelines.

Sanjay's unwavering dedication ensured the continuity of basic sanitation services even during the pandemic. Sanitation workers were issued ID cards and permission letters, hand washing stations were set up near toilets, and the FSTP continued to operate. His leadership ensured that Sinnar's sanitation sector not only thrived but contributed significantly to curbing the virus's impact.

Sanjay Kedar's journey stands as a testament to the power of visionary leadership in transforming sanitation services and serving the community, even in the most challenging times. His forward-thinking approach has set Sinnar on a path of sustainable sanitation and inclusivity.

In his role as the Executive Officer (EO) of Bijnor Nagar Palika Parishad (BNPP) in Uttar Pradesh, Durgeshwar Tripathi has made great strides in city sanitation management. Holding a postgraduate degree in Sociology, Durgeshwar has propelled capacity-building training, workshops, and international field visits, all geared towards enhancing Faecal Sludge Management (FSM) practices.

In a district heavily influenced by political narratives, BNPP boasts a robust City Sanitation Taskforce (CSTF) representing diverse women leaders. They convene quarterly to guide discussions on critical facets of the sanitation value chain. Durgeshwar's position as EO enables him to stay abreast of the city's sanitation endeavors. Recognizing the pivotal role of sanitation workers, BNPP, with technical support from the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), conducts regular training and awareness programs. These initiatives have been particularly impactful, ensuring the adoption of safety gear, self-hygiene, and equitable work rights among sanitation workers, with women workers taking the lead.

Durgeshwar's leadership came to the forefront during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Workers emptying septage tanks were issued special passes to ensure uninterrupted services during the crisis, while hygiene practices such as mask-wearing and handwashing were encouraged. CSE's technical support played a crucial role in preparing Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) materials for FSM.

Having been recognized as the second-best Ganga town with a population above 100,000 under the Swachh Survekshan 2020, Mr. Tripathi aspires for Bijnor to clinch the subsequent Swachh Survekshan award as the champion. The BNPP, in collaboration with the CSE-supported Malasur campaign, seeks to encourage citizens to empty their septic tanks promptly. The city is also progressing towards achieving the ODF++ status through upcoming co-treatment initiatives.

Seema Dhamdhere, a distinguished civil servant in Maharashtra, embarked on a remarkable journey that transformed urban sanitation across the state. Her tenure began in 1984, spanning various departments like Public Health, Maternal and Child Health, Education, and Administration, setting the stage for her significant role in the Urban Development Department. Her arrival in the Urban Development Department marked a turning point. Amidst the complex tapestry of projects, she found herself amidst the inception of monumental missions - Swachh Bharat and the Smart City Mission. It was a time when open defecation and sanitation woes plagued the nation, especially its women. Seema's transition from health and education to urban development provided a unique perspective, especially concerning women's health and dignity. Her commitment to addressing the struggles faced by women, particularly in matters of sanitation, became her driving force.

Collaborating with the government, Seema spearheaded citizen-centric programs, driving a mission that transcended government labels. The mission was embraced by citizens across 400-plus cities, uniting diverse demographics towards a singular goal: eliminating open defecation.

She reminisced about her initial days, attending conferences where the core theme resonated deeply: "Apne Toilets, Apne Swasthya." The transition from educating women about reproductive health to combating the indignity of open defecation was a significant leap. The missions brought forth a wave of change. They struck a chord, not just with the government but with the public - a collective movement to reclaim dignity, especially for women. The idea that a woman's self-worth should not be compromised by the lack of basic facilities propelled Seema and her team forward.

Her vision extended beyond mere infrastructure. It was about liberating women from the shackles of societal norms that restricted their movement and dignity. She saw sanitation as a cornerstone for gender equity. The absence of proper sanitation, she argued, not only affected physical health but also shattered a woman's dignity and safety. Her approach was about ensuring women's safety, providing facilities for personal hygiene, and acknowledging their fundamental right to access these amenities. The journey toward gender equity in urban sanitation became her passion.

The journey wasn't easy; it demanded collaboration with numerous stakeholders, NGOs, UNDP, World Bank, and more. Seema acknowledged that achieving success in sanitation required a collective effort. She emphasized that involving citizens and aligning stakeholders on the same platform facilitated substantial progress in this realm. Having been among the few women in urban development, Seema envisioned a more inclusive future. She believed that greater representation of women in this domain would yield profound results, aligning closely with women's needs and their pivotal role in societal hygiene. Throughout her career, Seema applied a gendered lens to her work, advocating for the underprivileged and championing initiatives that elevated women's dignity. Her dedication was evident in initiatives providing sanitary facilities on highways, state transport buses, and slums, easing the challenges faced by women in accessing basic amenities.

Reflecting on her trajectory, Seema encourages future leaders to amplify efforts in this regard. Her message to future leaders echoed: "The cornerstone of progress lies in recognizing the fundamental right of women to access dignified sanitation. It's not just about building toilets; it's about upholding dignity and safety for every woman in our society."

Seema's story wasn't merely about her tenure or achievements; it was a testament to a woman's determination to rewrite the narrative, one toilet at a time. Her journey illuminated a path where women's dignity and rights were not negotiable and where urban development equated to gender equity.

Hailing from the city of Allahabad, known for its competitive pursuit of the civil services, PK too had his sights set on a career in the government. He diligently worked for and appeared for the Provincial State Services exam and opted to work in Municipal Administration Services. His public service journey has taken him all over Uttar Pradesh, from Lalitpur, Kanpur, Jhansi to Varanasi and Lucknow, encountering multiple challenges related to urban services. He currently serves as Additional Director, Training & Capacity Building and Additional Mission Director, AMRUT for the Government of Uttar Pradesh.

PK Srivastava recounts that while urban services are riddled with difficulty, he always finds joy in embracing these challenges head-on. He describes it as ‘a double-edged sword’, where success brings in immense recognition, but failure can often invite scrutiny and public accountability. PK finds himself driven by the compelling desire to seek innovative approaches to solve complex problems. Recognizing the financial constraints faced by Urban Local Bodies, PK became deeply passionate about finding low-tech, cost-effective solutions in sanitation; making him a vocal proponent of Faecal Sludge and Septage Management (FSSM).

He strongly promotes Faecal Sludge and Septage Management (FSSM) as the most practical solution for Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) to adopt. FSSM, which treats faecal slude generated from on-site sanitation systems such as septic tanks, requires minimal land acquisition, avoiding the cumbersome and time-consuming process; as opposed to setting up sewer networks. Furthermore, it eliminates the inconvenience of excavating roads, which often results in prolonged disruptions. Connecting households to sewage pipelines poses a significant challenge, as residents are often unwilling to bear the associated costs. Recognizing that people are accustomed to using septic tanks, he worked in collaboration with the Centre for Science and Environment to develop models and bye-laws for FSSM in UP. These guidelines mandate regular desludging of septic tanks every three years and incentivize households that adhered to this practice by reducing the charges or rates for their next desludging. The goal was to regulate desludging and promote responsible sanitation practices.

Inspired by his visit to Odisha, where he witnessed the exemplary efforts of SHGs led by Transgender communities, he believed that communities could play a pivotal role in ensuring the success of FSSM initiatives. Their involvement would lead to a sense of ownership while fostering sustainable livelihoods. PK Srivastava emphasized the potential of training and engaging communities in the operation and maintenance of Faecal Sludge Treatment Plants (FSTPs).

In his forward-thinking perspective, he recognized that even with low-tech solutions, there were remarkable possibilities for wastewater reuse. Through the process of anaerobic oxidation, the liquid part of wastewater could be treated and repurposed for gardening and other similar activities. Meanwhile, the solid part could be transformed into valuable resources such as nutrient-rich manure and biogas.

He envisions a future where FSTPs would play a central role. These plants emerged as the most promising, low-tech, and cost-effective solution for managing faecal sludge. Importantly, the responsibility for the establishment, operation, and maintenance of these plants would lie with the Urban Local Bodies, ensuring their full ownership and commitment. To ensure the success and sustainability of FSTPs, PK Srivastava emphasized the active engagement of communities. By involving the community in decision-making processes and fostering their participation, the FSTPs would truly become a collective endeavor, serving the needs of the people and the environment.

Serving as the Sanitation and Flood Inspector for Nagar Palika Parishad, Chunar, Uttar Pradesh, Lalmani has emerged as a pivotal figure in promoting citizen awareness in the Urban Local Body. Prior to entering public service, Lalmani had a very diverse educational background including a BSc, MA, and B. Ed. He initially pursued a career in education. It was his deep passion for working with children that drove him to seek a broader avenue to make a positive impact; his instincts ultimately guided him to the world of public service. He soon found himself working amidst the public, interacting with people from all walks of life. Working directly with communities to help solve their issues gave him a tremendous sense of self-satisfaction.

In 2019, Lalmani was posted in Chunar Nagar Palika. Upon arriving in Chunar, he felt taken aback by the state of the sewer lines. He learned that the city's sewer system directly disposed of waste, which led to alarming pollution in the nearby Ganga River. Determined to address this pressing issue, Lalmani collaborated with the Center for Science and Environment (CSE) team to set up a Faecal Sludge Treatment Plant (FSTP) in Chunar. Before the FSTP was established, Chunar's residents did not recognize its functions and benefits, social stigmas made them skeptical, and they protested the establishment of the FSTP. Recognizing the need to bring the community together on this issue, Lalmani and his team organized a communal event, where everyone gathered to enjoy the local delicacy Baati-Chokha, to foster open dialogue and discussion and a sense of unity.

With a goal to instill citizen awareness, Lalmani and his team devised a plan. They instructed the drivers and operators involved in desludging septic tanks to educate every tenth household they serviced about the necessity of regular desludging.

Lalmani's dedication to cleanliness and preventing pollution extended beyond Chunar, as he was deeply concerned about keeping Ganga pollution-free and ensuring no untreated septage was flowing into river water. Lalmani and his team worked diligently to ensure scheduled desludging was implemented according to the proper procedure. Their aim was to make Chunar 100% Swachh, leaving no stone unturned in their mission for a clean and healthy environment.

Lalmani Yadav's dedication to his community and his unwavering commitment to citizen awareness and cleanliness made him a respected figure in Chunar. His journey exemplified the positive impact an individual can have when they are driven by a sense of purpose and work tirelessly towards a common goal.